Friday, April 12, 2024

I Chronicles 11, David and His Powerful Warriors

Saul and his son, Jonathan, have been killed by the Philistines. The date is between 1000 and 1010 BC.

1 Chronicles 11: 1-3, Anointed at Hebron
All Israel came together to David at Hebron and said, "We are your own flesh and blood. In the past, even while Saul was king, you were the one who led Israel on their military campaigns. And the LORD your God said to you, `You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become their ruler.'"

When all the elders of Israel had come to King David at Hebron, he made a compact with them at Hebron before the LORD, and they anointed David king over Israel, as the LORD had promised through Samuel.

After Saul's death and defeat, the people come to David at Hebron and ask him to be king, acknowledging that he had been anointed by YHWH to that position.

The Chronicler will concentrate on the high points of David's reign. He says nothing of the seven years that David ruled Judah but did not have the support of the northern tribes. (See 2 Samuel 5: 4-5 for acknowledgment of those times.)

1 Chronicles 11: 4-6, Jebusites in Jerusalem
David and all the Israelites marched to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus). 

The Jebusites who lived there said to David, "You will not get in here." Nevertheless, David captured the fortress of Zion, the City of David.

David had said, "Whoever leads the attack on the Jebusites will become commander-in-chief." Joab son of Zeruiah went up first, and so he received the command.
 
Joab becomes David's commander-in-chief by overseeing the conquest of Jerusalem. Joab is son of David's sister Zeruiah.

1 Chronicles 11: 7-8, The City of David
David then took up residence in the fortress, and so it was called the City of David. He built up the city around it, from the supporting terraces to the surrounding wall, while Joab restored the rest of the city.

David rebuilds Jerusalem, building the terrace ("the millo") and rebuilding the walls. If it was difficult to conquer then, it will be very difficult to conquer now.

1 Chronicles 11: 9-14
And David became more and more powerful, because the LORD Almighty was with him.

These were the chiefs of David's mighty men--they, together with all Israel, gave his kingship strong support to extend it over the whole land, as the LORD had promised- this is the list of David's mighty men: Jashobeam, a Hacmonite, was chief of the officers; he raised his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed in one encounter.

Next to him was Eleazar son of Dodai the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men. He was with David at Pas Dammim when the Philistines gathered there for battle. At a place where there was a field full of barley, the troops fled from the Philistines. But they took their stand in the middle of the field. They defended it and struck the Philistines down, and the LORD brought about a great victory.

David manages to draw powerful men to him, men such as Jashobeam (from the tribe of Benjamin) and Eleazar, "son of Dodai." These men have been successful in David's warfare with the Philistines. Of the three mighty men, only two are listed here. A parallel list in 2 Samuel 23: 8-12 describes the acts of  "Shammah son of Agee the Hararite". Yamauchi says that the ancients scrolls of Chronicles have accidentally left that name off.

1 Chronicles 11: 15-19, Getting water for David
Three of the thirty chiefs came down to David to the rock at the cave of Adullam, while a band of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. At that time David was in the stronghold, and the Philistine garrison was at Bethlehem.

David longed for water and said, "Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!" So the Three broke through the Philistine lines, drew water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem and carried it back to David. But he refused to drink it; instead, he poured it out before the LORD. "God forbid that I should do this!" he said. "Should I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives?" Because they risked their lives to bring it back, David would not drink it. Such were the exploits of the three mighty men.

The Valley of Rephaim runs southwest of Jerusalem. This event occurs when David is running from Saul and has the cave of Adullam as a hideout (see 1 Samuel 22: 1.) 

The three men risk their lives to get water for David when the Philistines control Bethlehem. But why does David then "honor" the men's act by pouring out the water?

1 Chronicles 11: 20-25, Abishai and Benaiah
Abishai the brother of Joab was chief of the Three. He raised his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed, and so he became as famous as the Three. He was doubly honored above the Three and became their commander, even though he was not included among them.

Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a valiant fighter from Kabzeel, who performed great exploits. He struck down two of Moab's best men. He also went down into a pit on a snowy day and killed a lion. And he struck down an Egyptian who was seven and a half feet tall. Although the Egyptian had a spear like a weaver's rod in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club. He snatched the spear from the Egyptian's hand and killed him with his own spear. Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada; he too was as famous as the three mighty men. He was held in greater honor than any of the Thirty, but he was not included among the Three. And David put him in charge of his bodyguard.

Abishai is another nephew of David. Another powerful man is Benaiah, obviously a man of considerable strength, killing a giant of an Egyptian at one time and a lion at another time.

1 Chronicles 11: 26-47, More might men
 The mighty men were: 
   Asahel the brother of Joab, 
   Elhanan son of Dodo from Bethlehem,
   Shammoth the Harorite, 
   Helez the Pelonite,
   Ira son of Ikkesh from Tekoa, 
   Abiezer from Anathoth,
   Sibbecai the Hushathite, 
   Ilai the Ahohite,
   Maharai the Netophathite, 
   Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite,
   Ithai son of Ribai from Gibeah in Benjamin, 
   Benaiah the Pirathonite,
   Hurai from the ravines of Gaash, 
   Abiel the Arbathite,
   Azmaveth the Baharumite, 
   Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
   the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, 
   Jonathan son of Shagee the Hararite,
   Ahiam son of Sacar the Hararite, 
   Eliphal son of Ur,
   Hepher the Mekerathite, 
   Ahijah the Pelonite,
   Hezro the Carmelite, 
   Naarai son of Ezbai,
   Joel the brother of Nathan, 
   Mibhar son of Hagri,
   Zelek the Ammonite, 
   Naharai the Berothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah,
   Ira the Ithrite, 
   Gareb the Ithrite,
   Uriah the Hittite, 
   Zabad son of Ahlai,
   Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite, who was chief of the Reubenites, and the thirty with him,
   Hanan son of Maacah, 
   Joshaphat the Mithnite,
   Uzzia the Ashterathite, 
   Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
   Jediael son of Shimri, 
   his brother Joha the Tizite,
   Eliel the Mahavite, 
   Jeribai and Joshaviah the sons of Elnaam, 
   Ithmah the Moabite,
   Eliel, 
   Obed 
and 
   Jaasiel the Mezobaite.

This list of might men presumably grew during David's flights from Saul and his battle with the Philistines, prior to becoming king. As Yamauchi points out, David's nephew Asahel is killed (2 Samuel 2: 18-23) before David is king.

A parallel passage, listing the might warriors of David, is 2 Samuel 23: 8-30.

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