(This DRAFT study has been done fairly quickly, without the further guide of commentaries. I hope to improve on it later.)
Jeremiah 7:1-8, Stand at the gates
This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD: "Stand at the gate of the LORD's house and there proclaim this message: "`Hear the word of the LORD, all you people of Judah who come through these gates to worship the LORD.
This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says: Reform your ways and your actions, and I will let you live in this place. Do not trust in deceptive words and say, "This is the temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD!"
If you really change your ways and your actions and deal with each other justly, if you do not oppress the alien, the fatherless or the widow and do not shed innocent blood in this place, and if you do not follow other gods to your own harm, then I will let you live in this place, in the land I gave your forefathers for ever and ever.
But look, you are trusting in deceptive words that are worthless.
Jeremiah is told to stand at the gates of the temple and confront people as they walk in. The people are instructed to change their ways -- to care about justice and the poor and to cease following other gods. If they do so, the nation will be saved.
Jeremiah 7:9-11, Den of robbers
"`Will you steal and murder, commit adultery and perjury, burn incense to Baal and follow other gods you have not known, and then come and stand before me in this house, which bears my Name, and say, "We are safe"--safe to do all these detestable things?
Has this house, which bears my Name, become a den of robbers to you? But I have been watching! declares the LORD.
The people are accused of a false religion, of pretending to follow YHWH but instead following Baal and other gods, will engaged in a variety of decadent practices.
Jesus cites this passage when he drives the moneychangers and their flocks from the temple in Matthew 21: 12-13.
Jeremiah 7:12-15, Go to Shiloh
"`Go now to the place in Shiloh where I first made a dwelling for my Name, and see what I did to it because of the wickedness of my people Israel. While you were doing all these things, declares the LORD, I spoke to you again and again, but you did not listen; I called you, but you did not answer. Therefore, what I did to Shiloh I will now do to the house that bears my Name, the temple you trust in, the place I gave to you and your fathers. I will thrust you from my presence, just as I did all your brothers, the people of Ephraim.'
The ancient town of Shiloh was an early location for the wilderness tabernacle (see Joshua 18:1) and an early capitol of the nation of Israel.
Jeremiah 7:16-20, Queen of heaven and other gods
"So do not pray for this people nor offer any plea or petition for them; do not plead with me, for I will not listen to you. Do you not see what they are doing in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? The children gather wood, the fathers light the fire, and the women knead the dough and make cakes of bread for the Queen of Heaven. They pour out drink offerings to other gods to provoke me to anger.
But am I the one they are provoking? declares the LORD. Are they not rather harming themselves, to their own shame?"`Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: My anger and my wrath will be poured out on this place, on man and beast, on the trees of the field and on the fruit of the ground, and it will burn and not be quenched.
The people make sacrifices and celebrations for the Queen of Heaven and other gods. In doing this, they harm themselves and provoke YHWH.
In the ancient Near East, the Queen of Heaven was the name given to a number of goddesses, including Asherah, worshiped at times by the Israelites.
Jeremiah (here and in 11:9-14) is told to not pray for the people.being told the same thing. The judgment is coming and will not be turned back. At this time, faraway in Jerusalem, the prophet Ezekiel (Ezekiel 3:26) is being told the same thing.
Jeremiah 7:21-26, Backward, not forward
"`This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says: Go ahead, add your burnt offerings to your other sacrifices and eat the meat yourselves! For when I brought your forefathers out of Egypt and spoke to them, I did not just give them commands about burnt offerings and sacrifices, but I gave them this command: Obey me, and I will be your God and you will be my people. Walk in all the ways I command you, that it may go well with you. But they did not listen or pay attention; instead, they followed the stubborn inclinations of their evil hearts. They went backward and not forward.
From the time your forefathers left Egypt until now, day after day, again and again I sent you my servants the prophets. But they did not listen to me or pay attention. They were stiff-necked and did more evil than their forefathers.'
The people were told, long ago, during the Exodus, to follow YHWH and so be prosperous. But they have stubbornly refused. In so doing, they are going "backward, not forward", says God.
Jeremiah 7:27-29, Truth has perished
"When you tell them all this, they will not listen to you; when you call to them, they will not answer. Therefore say to them, `This is the nation that has not obeyed the LORD its God or responded to correction. Truth has perished; it has vanished from their lips.Cut off your hair and throw it away; take up a lament on the barren heights, for the LORD has rejected and abandoned this generation that is under his wrath.
The nation has not obeyed God and has no interest in Truth. And so they should prepare to lament, to cut their hair, for this generation has been abandoned by God.
Jeremiah 7:30-31, Child sacrifices
"`The people of Judah have done evil in my eyes, declares the LORD. They have set up their detestable idols in the house that bears my Name and have defiled it. They have built the high places of Topheth in the Valley of Ben Hinnom to burn their sons and daughters in the fire--something I did not command, nor did it enter my mind.
Among the detestable things that the Israelites have done is listed child sacrifices, a sad practice of some parts of the ANE culture.
Jeremiah 7:32-34, Valley of Slaughter
So beware, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when people will no longer call it Topheth or the Valley of Ben Hinnom, but the Valley of Slaughter, for they will bury the dead in Topheth until there is no more room. Then the carcasses of this people will become food for the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth, and there will be no one to frighten them away.
I will bring an end to the sounds of joy and gladness and to the voices of bride and bridegroom in the towns of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem, for the land will become desolate.
Because of the sins of the people, joy will be replaced by slaughter.
The Valley of Ben Hinnom was also known by a Greek name as Gehenna. Various valleys (or different names for the same valley) occur elsewhere in the prophetic writings. See Joel 3:1-2 for a valley of Jehoshaphat (or Valley of Judgement) and Isaiah 22:1-13 for a Valley of Vision. In Ezekiel 39:11 invaders from Gog are buried in the Valley of Hamon Gog and in Zechariah 14:1-5 a valley is created by God splitting the Mount of Olives.
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