(This DRAFT study has been done fairly quickly, without the further guide of commentaries. I hope to improve on it later.)
At one point Nebuchadnezzar captures King Jehoiachin and his family that transports the king, along with temple treasures, to Babylon. He then sets Jehoiachin's uncle, Hezekiah, on the throne to serve as a puppet ruler.
Jeremiah 29:1-3a, Letter to exiles
This is the text of the letter that the prophet Jeremiah sent from Jerusalem to the surviving elders among the exiles and to the priests, the prophets and all the other people Nebuchadnezzar had carried into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon. (This was after King Jehoiachin and the queen mother, the court officials and the leaders of Judah and Jerusalem, the craftsmen and the artisans had gone into exile from Jerusalem.) He entrusted the letter to Elasah son of Shaphan and to Gemariah son of Hilkiah, whom Zedekiah king of Judah sent to King Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon.
Aftre Jehoiachin and his court are carried away to Babylon, Jeremiah writes a letter to the surviving elders among the exiles and entrusts it to two men, Elasah and Gemariah, who are traveling to Babylon under the order of Zedekiah.
Jeremiah 29:3b-7, Build houses
It said:
This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says to all those I carried into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon: "Build houses and settle down; plant gardens and eat what they produce. Marry and have sons and daughters; find wives for your sons and give your daughters in marriage, so that they too may have sons and daughters. Increase in number there; do not decrease. Also, seek the peace and prosperity of the city to which I have carried you into exile. Pray to the LORD for it, because if it prospers, you too will prosper."
Jeremiah's letter tells the exiles to settle in and plan to live out their lives in Babylon.
Jeremiah 29:8-9, Do not listen to the prophets
Yes, this is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says: "Do not let the prophets and diviners among you deceive you. Do not listen to the dreams you encourage them to have. They are prophesying lies to you in my name. I have not sent them," declares the LORD.
There will be some, Jeremiah says, who are like Hananiah and prophecy that the captivity will be short and that the exiles will soon return to Jerusalem. This is not so.
Jeremiah 29:10-11, Seventy years
This is what the LORD says: "When seventy years are completed for Babylon, I will come to you and fulfill my gracious promise to bring you back to this place. For I know the plans I have for you," declares the LORD, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.
Indeed, the time in Babylon will be a lifespan, seventy years. Eventually God will bring the (descendants of the) exiles back to Jerusalem, as part of a bright future. But that will be a long time coming.
It is this passage, or a related passage in Jeremiah 25:8-14, that an elderly Daniel reads in Daniel 9:1-2, many years later. Verse 11 is often quoted as a reassurance of God's plans, but verse 10 puts that promise at least seventy years into the future.
Jeremiah 29:12-14, Then a return
Then you will call upon me and come and pray to me, and I will listen to you. You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart. I will be found by you," declares the LORD, "and will bring you back from captivity. I will gather you from all the nations and places where I have banished you," declares the LORD, "and will bring you back to the place from which I carried you into exile."
After seventy years, the people will pray and ask to return and God will answer their prayers. (This is what Daniel does in Daniel 9.)
Jeremiah 29:15-18, Famine for those who stay
You may say, "The LORD has raised up prophets for us in Babylon," but this is what the LORD says about the king who sits on David's throne and all the people who remain in this city, your countrymen who did not go with you into exile-- yes, this is what the LORD Almighty says:
"I will send the sword, famine and plague against them and I will make them like poor figs that are so bad they cannot be eaten. I will pursue them with the sword, famine and plague and will make them abhorrent to all the kingdoms of the earth and an object of cursing and horror, of scorn and reproach, among all the nations where I drive them.
Jeremiah's letter says that it is better to be in Babylon than stay behind in Jerusalem.
Jeremiah 29:19, Again and again
For they have not listened to my words," declares the LORD, "words that I sent to them again and again by my servants the prophets. And you exiles have not listened either," declares the LORD.
Those who stay in Jerusalem have been repeatedly ignoring the warnings of the prophets.
Jeremiah 29:20-23, False prophets, Ahab and Zedekiah
Therefore, hear the word of the LORD, all you exiles whom I have sent away from Jerusalem to Babylon. This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says about Ahab son of Kolaiah and Zedekiah son of Maaseiah, who are prophesying lies to you in my name:
"I will hand them over to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and he will put them to death before your very eyes. Because of them, all the exiles from Judah who are in Babylon will use this curse: `The LORD treat you like Zedekiah and Ahab, whom the king of Babylon burned in the fire.' For they have done outrageous things in Israel; they have committed adultery with their neighbors' wives and in my name have spoken lies, which I did not tell them to do. I know it and am a witness to it," declares the LORD.
The false prophets, here Ahab and Zedekiah, will be killed by Nebuchadnezzar.
Jeremiah 29:24-29, Shemaiah's letter
Tell Shemaiah the Nehelamite, "This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, says: You sent letters in your own name to all the people in Jerusalem, to Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest, and to all the other priests. You said to Zephaniah,`The LORD has appointed you priest in place of Jehoiada to be in charge of the house of the LORD; you should put any madman who acts like a prophet into the stocks and neck-irons. So why have you not reprimanded Jeremiah from Anathoth, who poses as a prophet among you? He has sent this message to us in Babylon: It will be a long time. Therefore build houses and settle down; plant gardens and eat what they produce.'"
Zephaniah the priest, however, read the letter to Jeremiah the prophet.
Shemaiah writes a letter condemning Jeremiah, accusing him of being a false prophet. But Zephaniah reads the letter to Jeremiah.
Jeremiah 29:30-32, YHWH responds to Shemaiah
Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:
"Send this message to all the exiles: `This is what the LORD says about Shemaiah the Nehelamite: Because Shemaiah has prophesied to you, even though I did not send him, and has led you to believe a lie, this is what the LORD says: I will surely punish Shemaiah the Nehelamite and his descendants. He will have no one left among this people, nor will he see the good things I will do for my people, declares the LORD, because he has preached rebellion against me.'"
For his false prophecies, Shemaiah will also be cutoff, he and his descendants punished.
Some Random Thoughts
From the perspective of mortal humans, God's actions are very slow. See Job. See seventy years of exile.
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