Friday, May 19, 2023

Deuteronomy 29, Prepare to Enter Canaan

Moses has reviewed with the people the Covenant and a series of related decrees and has then laid out the rituals required upon entering the Promised Land.

Deuteronomy 29: 1, Covenant at Moab
These are the terms of the covenant the LORD commanded Moses to make with the Israelites in Moab, in addition to the covenant he had made with them at Horeb. 

This verse sums up the past chapters and prepares us for a ratification of the covenant and final acts of Moses.

Deuteronomy 29: 2-6, Clothes did not wear out
Moses summoned all the Israelites and said to them: Your eyes have seen all that the LORD did in Egypt to Pharaoh, to all his officials and to all his land. With your own eyes you saw those great trials, those miraculous signs and great wonders. But to this day the LORD has not given you a mind that understands or eyes that see or ears that hear.

During the forty years that I led you through the desert, your clothes did not wear out, nor did the sandals on your feet. You ate no bread and drank no wine or other fermented drink. I did this so that you might know that I am the LORD your God.

The covenant at Horeb/Sinai provided protection in the desert wanderings over 40 years. The text transitions to first person as YHWH speaks.

Deuteronomy 29: 7-8, Sihon and Og
When you reached this place, Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan came out to fight against us, but we defeated them. We took their land and gave it as an inheritance to the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

Enemy tribes were defeated during those wanderings and the land east of Jordan was given to the two-and-a-half tribes.

Deuteronomy 29: 9-11, Carefully follow
Carefully follow the terms of this covenant, so that you may prosper in everything you do. All of you are standing today in the presence of the LORD your God--your leaders and chief men, your elders and officials, and all the other men of Israel, together with your children and your wives, and the aliens living in your camps who chop your wood and carry your water.

And so the Israelites must carefully follow the covenant, here being renewed. This ratification will be done by everyone, from the "leaders and chief men" on down to aliens and servants who "chop your wood and carry your water."

Deuteronomy 29: 12-15, Ready to re-enter the covenant
You are standing here in order to enter into a covenant with the LORD your God, a covenant the LORD is making with you this day and sealing with an oath, to confirm you this day as his people, that he may be your God as he promised you and as he swore to your fathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

I am making this covenant, with its oath, not only with you who are standing here with us today in the presence of the LORD our God but also with those who are not here today.

An official ratification of the covenant is about to begin. Currid equates this ritual with the ratification of the covenant in Genesis 15, in which Abram walked between the two halves of an animal.

Deuteronomy 29: 16-18, Idolatry
You yourselves know how we lived in Egypt and how we passed through the countries on the way here. You saw among them their detestable images and idols of wood and stone, of silver and gold.

Make sure there is no man or woman, clan or tribe among you today whose heart turns away from the LORD our God to go and worship the gods of those nations; make sure there is no root among you that produces such bitter poison. 

Prohibitions against idolatry are reviewed. Sometime before (see Numbers 25: 1-9) the Israelites had engaged in idolatry of Baal at Peor.

Deuteronomy 29: 19-23, Idolatry
When such a person hears the words of this oath, he invokes a blessing on himself and therefore thinks, "I will be safe, even though I persist in going my own way." This will bring disaster on the watered land as well as the dry. The LORD will never be willing to forgive him; his wrath and zeal will burn against that man. 

"All the curses written in this book will fall upon him, and the LORD will blot out his name from under heaven. The LORD will single him out from all the tribes of Israel for disaster, according to all the curses of the covenant written in this Book of the Law. Your children who follow you in later generations and foreigners who come from distant lands will see the calamities that have fallen on the land and the diseases with which the LORD has afflicted it. The whole land will be a burning waste of salt and sulfur--nothing planted, nothing sprouting, no vegetation growing on it. It will be like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the LORD overthrew in fierce anger.

The people may be tempted to focus on the blessings of the covenant and ignore the warnings and responsibilities that go with it.

The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah occurs in Genesis 19. Admah and Zeboiim were towns close to Sodom and Gomorrah (see Genesis 14: 8) and were presumably part of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Those additional towns are only mentioned in Genesis, here, and in Hosea 11: 8, always in relation to Sodom and Gomorrah.

Deuteronomy 29: 24-28, "Why?"
All the nations will ask: "Why has the LORD done this to this land? Why this fierce, burning anger?"

And the answer will be: "It is because this people abandoned the covenant of the LORD, the God of their fathers, the covenant he made with them when he brought them out of Egypt. They went off and worshiped other gods and bowed down to them, gods they did not know, gods he had not given them.  Therefore the LORD's anger burned against this land, so that he brought on it all the curses written in this book. In furious anger and in great wrath the LORD uprooted them from their land and thrust them into another land, as it is now."

It is hoped that Israel will be a positive witness of YHWH.  But they will be a witness in some sense, one way or another.

The paragraph ends with a strange phrase, "as it is now". Is this added by a later editor?  Or is this a comment on the state of Israel at the time of these lectures, at the end of centuries of wandering?

Deuteronomy 29: 29, Secrets and revelations
The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may follow all the words of this law.

There are many things that YHWH keeps secret.  The covenant law is not one of them.

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